To be selected in 1861 as a chance seedling, has indeed been shown to be a distinct The Golding clones vary in their ripening date, Have been shown to be variants of the same variety, the Golding, Varieties such as Rodmersham, Mercers, Mathon, East Kent,Ĭanterbury, Cobbs, Bramling, Eastwell and Early Bird Which of the older varieties are clones of each other and which are distinct 7 Modern methods of analysing essential oils have been used to distinguish 6Īfter several centuries of grower selection, very many different varieties existed.īy 1900 more than 20 varieties were known in England and at least 60 recorded in Massachusetts Company in 1629 and wild US hops.
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The traditional hops in the USA, theĬlusters were almost certainly chance seedlings which haveĪrisen through natural hybridisation between European hops introduced by the Thus arose such varieties as Mr Golding's hop or Mr Fuggle's hop, later contracted Selected, they were often attributed to the grower who recognised their potential. In addition to local adaptability, variation could arise through natural clonalĬhanges or by the unintentional establishment of a seedling. The Hallertau or Tettnang areas in Germany. Such as the Saaz region of the Czech Republic, or The same practiceĮlsewhere in the World produced distinct varieties known by their production areas Thus, Percival 5 describes hop varieties such as the Farnham Hop, the Canterbury They would tend toīecome the commonest type of hop grown in that area and be known by the name of theĪrea, or a distinctive feature of their appearance. The soils or the climatic conditions in a particular locality. 4 It is most probable that these would be plants that were better adapted to By 1669, different types of hops with differing attributes were being noted.
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3 Thus, hop growers knew how to increase the stocks of plants identified as However, the division of a rootstock or theĬutting of underground stems for the vegetative multiplication of hop plants is wellĭescribed from the earliest records. The world, and considers the progress made during a century of hop breeding at Wye, nowĪlthough there is documented evidence of hop cultivation in Europe from the ninthĬentury, with cultivation in Britain from at least 1524, the exact origins and the This article reviews the history of hop selection and breeding in programmes throughout Improvement by such means were started in Germany and the USA 2 but the founding programme for all modern hop breeding programmes began inīritain at Wye College in 1906 when Professor Salmon raised and planted out seedlingsĪrising from crosses made under the direction of Howard a few years previously. Progenies from which to select the superior individuals. Such work involved a systematic controlled crossing of plants to generate segregating Work on the sexual transmission and segregation of characteristics in the garden pea. However, scientific hop breeding began only after the rediscovery c.1900 of Mendel's
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Hops raised from seeds can sometimes be preferable to those obtained by cuttings. Lance in his treatise on hops 1 noted the new sexual theory for plants, quoting Mylius (1750), and stated that Plants are essential components of the hop breeding process and have been practised as The identification, selection, multiplication and establishment of such superior In brewing that some individual hop plants were superior in their brewing qualities to Every characteristic of the hop plant will varyīetween individuals and it has been recognised from the time that hops were first used Every hop seedling, therefore, is unique in The hop plant does not breed true from seed. The History of Hop Breeding and Development
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